• Reference Number: HEY356/2024
• Departments: Speech and Language
• Last Updated: 31 May 2024

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English

To be read together with the leaflet: Dysphagia (Swallowing Problems)

Introduction

This leaflet has been produced to give you general information about how radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the head and/or neck may affect your swallowing.  Most of your questions should be answered by this leaflet.  It is not intended to replace the discussion between you and your Speech and Language Therapist (SLT) but may act as a starting point for discussion.   If after reading it you have any concerns or require further explanation, please discuss this with your SLT.

Why do swallowing problems occur?

Radiation destroys fast multiplying cells like tumour cells.  However, you also have fast multiplying cells in your mouth and throat which means that they can also be damaged.  Swallowing problems can occur because the damaged cells cannot be replaced quickly enough, leading to a sore, dry mouth and throat.

Each person is different.  The nature and severity of swallowing problems will be determined by which part of the head and/or neck is being treated.  In addition, symptoms may be worse if you are also having chemotherapy.

When do swallowing problems occur?

Difficulties swallowing often start in the first 2 – 3 weeks during treatment and may continue after treatment finishes.  If you are also having chemotherapy, swallowing difficulties may persist for several months after you finish your treatment.

What foods may be easier to manage?

People undergoing radiotherapy treatment often find that a soft, smooth diet is easier to manage.

Foods that may irritate a sore mouth and throat are:

• Dry food e.g. biscuits, crisps, nuts
• Spicy food e.g. curry
• Very hot or very cold food and drink
• Acidic food e.g. citrus fruits such as oranges
• Alcohol and spirits

Dietary advice

It is very important to make sure you are having enough to eat and drink during your treatment.  If you are having swallowing problems, you may not be eating enough.  You may therefore need to see a dietitian who can advise you on how to increase your calorie intake.

Medications

There are different medicines you can take to help with pain and soreness in your mouth and throat.  Some medications can also be provided in syrup or dispersible forms. Mouthwashes are also available. You can find out about these by speaking to your doctor or nurse.

Should you require any further advice on the issues contained in this leaflet, please do not hesitate to contact the Speech and Language Therapy Department on telephone number: tel: 01482 626700 or tel: 01482 875875.